Safety device with combinations for locks of all kinds.



I L. J. M. DARDEAU. SAFETY DEVICE WITH GOMBINATIONS FOR LOOKS OF ALLKINDS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 6, 1909. Patented Dec. 30

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

COLUMBIA PLANOURAFH CO.,wAsl-HNOTON, n. c.

L. J. M. DARDEAU.

SAFETY DEVICE WITH GOMBINATIONS FOR LOOKS or ALL KINDS.

' APPLICATION FILED JAN. 6, 1909.

1,083,061. I Patented Dec.30,1913.

6 BHHET8-8HEET 2.

COLUMBIA PLANouRAPH c0.,WAs|-nNuTON. D. c.

L. J. M. DARDEAU.

SAFETY DEVICE WITH GOMBINATIONS FOR LOCKS OF ALL KINDS.

Fig. 9

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 6, 1909.

Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

\JOLUMBM PLANOGRAPH CO.,WASHINGTON. D. c

L, J. M. DARDBAU. SAFETY DEVICE WITH GOMBINATIONS FOR LOOKS, OF ALLKINDS.

APPLICATION FILED JAILG. 1909. Patented Dec. 30, 1913.

6 BHEETB-BHEBT 4.

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HUD Q DE HHHUHH uHn u u n n E n n n u L. J. M. DARDBAU. SAFETY DEVICEWITH OOMBINATIONS FOR LOOKS OF ALL KINDS.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 6, 1909.

Patented Dec. 30, 1913. 12. I e SHEETS-SHEET 5.

F 5% i v A7'7'0/9/VEX5 COLUMElA PLANOGRAPH CO-. WASHINGTON, n. c.

L. J. M. DARDEAU.

SAFETY DEVICE WITH GOMBINATIONS FOR LOOKS OF ALL KINDS. APPLICATIONFILED JAN. 6, 1909.

1,083,061. Patented Dec. 30, 1913. I e SHEETS-$3513 e.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH COUWASHINGTON. D. c.

Bymre" UNTF STATEF AT T FFTQF.

LEON JOSEPH. MATI-IURIN DARDEAU, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

SAFETY DEVICE WITH COMBINATIONS FOB. LOCKS OF ALL KINDS.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LFJON Josnrrr MA- THURINDARDEAU, of 25 Rue de Lyon, in the city of Paris, Republic of France,electrical engineer, have invented a Safety Device with Combinations forLocks of All Kinds, of which the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription.

This invention relates to a safety device adapted to be used with locksof all kinds, having an invisible combination, which can beinstantaneously changed at will.

The result accomplished by the device is due not only to the movablenessof the safety elements or members located in the look, but also to a keyhaving removable members or counterparts in order that the change of thesafety elements or members effected in the lock can also be effectedinstantaneously on the key, to allow of obtaining the necessarycooperation between these two parts of the lock.

This device has for its object to allow, when a key has beeninadvertently lost, and when the word or member forming the combinationprovided within a lock is known, of opening the said look by means ofanother key on which the word or number similar to the one formed in thelock to be opened, is produced without resorting to a lock-smith. Bychanging the combination of the lock, it cannot be opened without thekey being itself transformed according to the new combination. Thecombination of the key and of the lock can also be modified indefinitelyand as often as it is considered advisable.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing forming a part ofthis specification in which similar characters of reference indicatecorresponding parts.

Figure l is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a safety devicewith eight elements or members; Fig. 2 is a transverse section; Fig. 3is a side view of the device and its key adjusted for the samecombination; Fig. t is a detail view of the key with the way of settingup the elements of the combination; Fig. 5 shows a bolt device adaptedto steady the lock bolt when the key is not adjusted for thecombination; Fig. 6 shows the bolt device operated by a key adjusted forthe combination; Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a door lock applied; Fig.8 is a face view of the same; Fig. 9 is a similar view of the other sideof the Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 6, 1909.

Patented Dec. 3651913. Serial No. 471,020.

lock; Fig. 10' shows schematically one of the forms or arrangementswhich can be given to the operative parts of the lock; Fig. 11 showsschematically one of the forms or arrangements which can be given to theelements or members and to the key, to obtain combinations by the simpleplay of the intervals between like elements; Fig. 12 is a side view of amodified form of lock, and Fig. 13 is a sectional view of the same.

As shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 of the drawing the safety device isconstituted by a kind of stick a with grooves a at the bottom of whichare placed in the desired order the elements or members 5. Each elementor member of the combination is pressed to the bottom of grooves a bypushers c acting under the action of gravity and of springs (Z. Thewhole is connected by a piece 6 (Figs. 1 and 2) acting as a guide. Eachelement or member 79 is provided with a notch f (Figs. 1, 2 and 3). Whenthis notch is moved by a corresponding element or member 9 of the key 7Lto the height of the transverse groove 2' of the composing stick, thegroove is unobstructed, thereby enabling a nose of the catch 7' (Figs.5, 6 and 7) to enter the groove 2' so as to unlock the bolt of the look,as hereinafter described.

The device constituting the counterpart and arranged on the keycomprises a rod 70 (Fig. 4) on which are threaded the elements ormembers 9 of the combination in the order corresponding to that adaptedfor the elements arranged in the look as shown in Fig. 8. The rod 7vcarries at Z a stop for the elements or members 9 of the combination;the end of the body h of the key in which the rod 70 fits forms anotherstop. This rod is is secured in the body of key ]L by a screw m shown inFig. 3, or by any other suitable means. The elements or members 9correspond to the elements or members 5, and each bears the same numberor the same letter, so that if the word or number on the key isidentical with that in the composing stick of the lock, the notches areall at the height of the groove 6 thereby enabling the lock to beopened. Supposing for instance that the composing stick of the lock tobe arranged so as to form the number 18265734, the notches y will benormally in the position they occupy (Figs. 1 and 7). Now if the number18265734 which is the same as the number of the composing stick has beenformed on the key with the elements or members 9 and if through the keytube 0 (Figs. 7 and 9) the key is introduced under the composing stick,the elements or members b will be raised to an extent proportional tothe height of their notches and the result will be a uniform height ofall the notches so that they will registerwith the grooved (Fig. 3),which enables the bit it of the key to perform its stroke for liberatthebolt 7) of the lock, as shown in Fig. (5 of the drawing. The same resultcould be obtained in arranging the elements or members of the composingstick so that the springs will normally tip these elements and thekey-bit to cause them to descend.

The composing stick as represented has eight elements, or members, butit may have a greater or less number of elements or members but it willbe understood that the safety of the lock is proportionate to the numberof elements or members which the combination comprises for the reasonthat the greater the number of members the moredifficult to find out theexact combination, (for a single element or member 7) which will not beoperated by the key will be sufficient to prevent the nose of the catchj enter: ing the groove d). hen an element 5 is not sufficiently raised,its notch is too low as shown in Fig. 5, and if it is raised too muchits notch is too high with reference to the groove 2' and the catch 7'cannot pass into the groove 2'.

In Figs. 7, 8 and 9 is shown a plate r to which is secured the box orcase 8 in which the whole of the mechanism is contained. In the box 8 isprovided an opening closed by a shutter Z. By opening this shutter, thecomposing stick can be removed and the combination changed. A screw witha milled knob a is used for locking the shutter t. This shutter isinternally provided with bosses t which maintain the guide 6 of thepushers against the stops m above the composing stick, Fig. 7 A key tube0 secured to the plate 1' (Figs. 7 and 9) is extended inside the lock toserve as a guide for the key and at same time protect the mechanism.Holes are provided in this key tube to allow the passage of the rods 6which extend from the elements or members 6 so that they can come incontact with the key. The spring-bolt 79 has two notches g 3 (Figs. 5and 6) in which the pivoted bolt 2 engages when it has attained the endof its stroke in one direction or the other. A spring 1 exerts apressure upon the bolt 2 and forces it into the said notches. Thepivoted bolt 2 is lifted by the tail 7' of the catch j by means of thespring bar 2 turning upon an. axis 8 connected with the spring bolt 7)and fol lowing the same in all its movements. The barZ is normallyinclined as indicated by the axial line 4: (Fig. 5) and it assumes theinclination of the axial line 5 under the action of the bit it of thekey, Fig. 6. The

bit h carries along the spring bolt by engaging a notch 6 therein.However, this displacement can only take place when all the elements ormembers g of the key correspond with those of the composing stick of thelock and when accordingly the catch j enters the groove 2, by all thenotches f being brought to a same height, as above stated.

Fig. 5 shows that one element 9 of the key is too small to raise one ofthe elements or members 6 of the composingstick sufiiciently to allowthe catch j to enter thenotch f, the notch being too low. If the elementor member 9 was too large, the notch would then be too high andtheresult would be the same; the lock would not be opened.

Fig. 6 shows what occurs when all the ele' ments of the key correspondwith those of the composing stick; the catch j entersthe notch f therebyallowing the pivoted bolt 2 to be lifted and the spring bolt to moveunder the action of the bit 72 of the key.

lVhen it is desired to open from inside without key, the bolt 7) isprovided with a knob p sliding in a slot 7 provided in the lock casing 8(Figs. 7 and 8). A knob a secured upon a projection of the bolt 2 alsoslides in a groove 09 provided in the box .9 (Fig. 8). By lifting thisknob, the bolt 2 is raised out of engagement with the notch y or ythereby allowing the springbolt to be operated by means of the bolt p. 1

In Fig. 10 the key it is provided in addi-' tion to its bit h with thecam A. The cam lifts the bar B the lower part of which carries a rackgearing with the pinion C connected with the cam D; the lattercompresses the spring E which lifts the ele ment or member 2) until itengages the element or member 9 of the key. This takes place when thekey has made about one quarter of a turn. The number of springs Ecorresponds to that of elements 7) and the cam D is of suflicientiwidthto compress them all at the same time. If the elements or members Z) and9 correspond, as is the case in Fig. 10, the notch f is opposite thecatch j. In continuing to turn the key, the cam A lifts the barB. A pinNon the bar B engages the lever j -which is pivoted at L and lifts thesame, putting the spring R connected with the piece 9' under. tension.The bar y' carries atits lower part a rack gearing with the pinion Hgearing with the rack of the catch j and causes thecatch y" tomovetoward the notch f. VVhen the catch does not meet any resistance,that is to say when all the notches f of the elements or members bare atthe same height, the bar 7' following the action of the spring R engagesthe stop bolt 2 and disengages it from the notch 1 in the spring-bolt p.At this moment, the bit of the key or a suitable part secured to the camA, acts upon the spring bolt and carries it along to cause it to effectits stroke. In continuing to turn the key the cam A allows, in itssecond half turn, the bar B to move down as well as all the other partswhich are to move down to reassume their normal position a little beforethe removal of the key. The bolt .2 then falls again into the notch y.In causing the key to turn in the other direction, the same effects willoccur and the spring bolt 29 will make the reverse movement. At the endof its stroke the pivoted'bolt 2 will render it immovable by fallinginto the.

notch 3 Modifications of the elements or members Z) and 9 can be madewithout changing in any way the principle of the invention. Aside fromthe advantage of being able to modify the combination at will, themembers of the combination are directly utilized, either for carryingalong the spring bolt or for locking the same, as such is the case withthe known systems of looks with fixed combinations wherein the elementsreceive directly the strain of the key in operating the bolt and arethereby likely to be warped, if attempts are made to open forcibly witha different key.

The mode of operation of the members 6 shown in Figs. 12 and 13comprises a cam A carried along by the bit of the key in order to liftthe bar B which carries at its lower part springs E which are equal innumber to the elements or members I). The eccentricity of the cam A issuch that the members Z) of the combination will touch the members g atthe moment when the finger 53 passing through the cams A and A is inmesh with. the notch 54 of the spring bolt p. At this moment, the cam Aconnected with cam A and provided with two successive slopes 55 and 56,lifts the lever 7' pivoted about an axis L also common to the twoarmedlever P, Fig. 12. The lever i moves the lever 7' through the medium of aspring R mounted on the common axis L. If the combination of the keycorresponds with that of the composing stick, the catch y" carried bythe lower end r of the lever 3' enters the notches f of the members 5thereby enabling the lever j to turn and to lift its upper members 1 thelever y' operating the sliding bolt 2 A notched pawl 68 is secured tothe plate r and extends between the cams A and A so that the finger 53will be in the notch when the key is in the required position to enteror come out from the key tube 0, whereby the cams A, A will be renderedimmovable in the required position for the introduction and the removalof the key. The catch j moves in slides 57 supported by the bow 58 shownin Figs. 12 and 13. The springs E are guided by a comb 59 which is alsoshown in said figures. The spring R is put under tension by a book 60,Fig. 12, connected with the arm j*. The bolt .2 is forced into the notch3 by a spring e A spring 61, Figs. 11 and 13, which bears upon the bow62 and the coils of which are interposed between those of the spring Rarranged above the axis L brings back the lever j to secure the recoilof the catch j. The successive slopes 55 and 56 of the cam A have fortheir purpose to prevent the sudden shock of the catch j" upon themembers b in the case where attempts would be made to open the lock witha different key. The slope 55 acts upon the lever j as soon as thecombination is found, that is to say, when the members I) have come incontact with the members 9 of the key, thereby causing the catch j toadvance into the notches but without however causing it to enterentirely the said notches. The slope 56 completes the movement bycausing the catch to enter into the notches of the composing stick andof the key. If however the combination is not complete, the catch bearsagainst the members Z) either above or under the notch, according tocircumstances and the strain of the lever y' is absorbed by the spring Rwhich is put under tension owing to the fact that the lever j restrainedby the lever 7' cannot advance, and the upper end r of the lever 7'cannot engage the lever j and the bolt .2 remains engaged in the notch3/ so that the spring bolt 79 is held locked. The whole of the strain ofthe key is then supported by' the sliding bolt 2 The lock can beoperated from inside, without the key by means of a milled knob 62, Fig.13, which forms the axis of the part 7' used for lifting the bolt 2while the spring bolt 79 is moved by means of a knob 63 secured to aprojection 64 connected with the spring bolt.

In Figs. 12 and 13, the double cam A A carries a collar 65 which rollsin a recess between the plate r tube 0. A. frame o secured to the plater adapts the lock to a door, without it being necessary to notch thewood to locate the base of the knob 0. A box r provided with adismountable shutter 1* which is secured by a milled knob 25 allows thecomposing stick a which slides in the extension of a piece 66 used as asupport to be readily removed.

I claim 1. In a lock, a bolt, a plurality of movable members, a key foroperating the bolt and movable members, said key being provided with aplurality of members corresponding to the said movable members, andmeans controlled by the key for locking the bolt and movable members.

2. In a look, a bolt, a plurality of movable members, a locking deviceindependent of the bolt operating means for alternately locking the boltand movable members, and

and the base of the key a locking a key for operating the bolt, movablemembers and locking device.

3. In a look, a bolt, a plurality of movable members, a key foroperating the bolt and movable members, said key being provided with aplurality of members corresponding to the said movable members, anddevice for the bolt and movable members and controlled by the key.

4. In a look, a bolt, a plurality of movable members each provided witha groove, a key for operating the bolt and movable members, said keybeing provided with a plurality of members corresponding to the saidmovable members, and a locking device for the bolt, provided with amember for engaging the grooves of the movable members, the said lockingdevice being controlled by the key.

5. In a lock, a bolt provided with spaced notches, a plurality ofmovable members, each provided with a groove or notch, a key foroperating the bolt and movable members, said key being provided with aplurality of members corresponding to the movable members, and a lockingdevice provided with members, one for engaging the grooves of themovable members and the other for alternately engaging the notches ofthe bolt, said locking device being controlled by the key.

6. In a look, a bolt provided with notches, a plurality of slidingmembers, each provided with a notch or groove, a key for operating thebolt and movable members, said key being provided with a plurality ofmembers corresponding to the sliding members, and a pivoted and springpressed locking device controlled by the key and provided with members,one for engaging the grooves or notches of the sliding members and theother for alternately engaging the notches of the bolt.

7 In a look, a bolt provided with notches, a plurality of movablemembers, each provided with a groove or notch, a key for operating thebolt and movable members, said key being provided with a plurality ofmembers corresponding to the movable members, a pivoted and springpressed catch for engaging the notches of the movable members, a membercarried by the catch for alternately engaging the notches of the bolt,and a pivoted member controlled by the key for operating the catch.

8. In a lock, a bolt, a plurality of sliding members of the same lengthand each provided with a groove, a plurality of spring pressed rodsabove the members, a key for operating the bolt and movable members,said key being provided with a plurality of members corresponding to thesliding mem bers, and means controlled by the key for locking the boltand sliding members.

9. In a lock, a bolt, a plurality of movable members, a locking devicefor the movable members, and a locking device for the bolt, operated bythe locking device of the said members.

10. I11 a lock, a bolt provided with notches, a plurality of movablemembers, each provided with a notch, a locking member for engaging thenotches of the said movable members, a locking member for engaging thenotches of the bolt, and means for operating the last locking memberfrom the first locking member.

11. In a look, a bolt provided with notches, a plurality of sliding andspring pressed members provided with notches, a locking member forengaging the notches of the movable members, a locking member forengaging the notches of the bolt and operated by the first lockingmember, and means adapted to be operated by a key for operating thefirst-named locking member.

The foregoing specification of my safety device with combinations forlooks of all kinds signed by me this 22nd day of December, 1908.

LEON JOSEPH MATHURIN DARDEAU.

'VVitnesses Hanson C. CoXE, MAURICE H. PIGNET.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of latents, WashingtomD. G.

